<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Belardi, Angelo </dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Pedrett, Salome</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Rothen, Nicolas</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Reber, Thomas P.</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2021</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">Information and communication technology (ICT) becomes more prevalent in education but its general efficacy and that of specific learning applications are not fully established yet. One way to further improve learning applications could be to use insights from fundamental memory research. We here assess whether four established learning principles (spacing, corrective feedback, testing, and multimodality) can be translated into an applied ICT context to facilitate vocabulary learning in a self-developed web application. Effects on the amount of newly learned vocabulary were assessed in a mixed factorial design (3 x 2 x 2 x 2) with the independent variables Spacing (between-subjects; one, two, or four sessions), Feedback (within-subjects; with or without), Testing (within-subjects, 70 or 30% retrieval trials), and Multimodality (within-subjects; unimodal or multimodal). Data from 79 participants revealed significant main effects for Spacing [F(2,76) = 8.51, p = 0.0005, η2p = 0.18] and Feedback [F(1,76) = 21.38, p &lt; 0.0001, η2p = 0.22], and a significant interaction between Feedback and Testing [F(1,76) = 14.12, p = 0.0003, η2p = 0.16]. Optimal Spacing and the presence of corrective Feedback in combination with Testing together boost learning by 29% as compared to non-optimal realizations (massed learning, testing with the lack of corrective feedback). Our findings indicate that established learning principles derived from basic memory research can successfully be implemented in web applications to optimize vocabulary learning.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://n2t.net/ark:/51647/srd1319608</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://sonar.unidistance.ch/global/documents/319608</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://sonar.unidistance.ch/documents/319608/files/Belardi et al. - 2021.pdf</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.757262</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/ark/51647/srd1319608</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>CC BY</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>Frontiers in psychology. - 2021, vol. 12, p. 757262-757262</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">Open access</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">Open data</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">Open material</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">distance education</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">distance learning</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">online learning</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">web application</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">memory</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns9="xml" ns9:lang="en">language learning</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns10="xml" ns10:lang="en">vocabulary learning</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns11="xml" ns11:lang="en">CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>info:eu-repo/classification/udc/159.9</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>info:eu-repo/classification/udc/159.953</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns12="xml" ns12:lang="en">Spacing, Feedback, and Testing Boost Vocabulary Learning in a Web Application</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>